Maximize your Study's Visibility by Choosing the Right Journal

With the growing amount of published medical research, it is increasingly imperative for authors and publication managers to find innovative ways of making their findings known. Savvy publication managers realize that the authors’ target journals can be much more than a static depository for their papers—journals can be valuable partners in helping promote the published research. Thus, choosing the right journal for industry-sponsored research now requires careful consideration of several factors in addition to the journal’s core submission requirements and its reputation.

This article discusses how to evaluate a journal’s true impact, its explicit and implicit aims and scope, how it can maximize the visibility of your published paper, and how it connects with its readers.

Understand the journal’s impact: Authors tend to equate journal impact with the “impact factor.” It is true that journals with a high impact factor (e.g., The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, or The BMJ) typically happen to be among the ones that are most widely respected by the medical community and are read by clinicians and researchers across specialties.

However, many of these broad-scope journals are inundated with submissions and have very high rejection rates, reaching as high as 93% in the case of The BMJ.1

Along with the authors, you might decide to target a specialty journal where there is somewhat less competition, but you would still want to thoroughly understand the journal’s metrics. Keep in mind that some journals use the term “impact factor” loosely, displaying their SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), which is based on Scopus, rather than their actual impact factor from the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which is based on the Web of Knowledge. So you need to confirm that the number displayed on the journal website is (1) the actual impact factor, and (2) up-to-date (see how Cancer2 clearly mentions its impact factor and 2016 JCR ranking).

Both JCR and SJR figures are averages that are calculated on the basis of how many times a journal’s articles are cited. They are journal-level metrics and may not always reflect the amount of attention an individual article receives. An article could receive no citations at all, even if published in a journal with a reasonably high impact factor.3 Moreover, citations typically take time to emerge and also are not the only indicators of how much of a ripple an article creates, especially among stakeholders who may not be actively engaged in authoring new research articles (e.g., health journalists, insurers, patient advocacy groups, health policymakers, or practicing HCPs whose main role is not research-oriented). At a basic level, article usage data (downloads, views, etc.) give you an idea of the online traffic a journal receives. More importantly, altmetric data show a paper’s coverage in the mainstream media and blogs, how many times it is tweeted about, or how many “likes” it gathers on Facebook. Journals like Annals of Neurology4 actively track and share altmetric data, and if you are considering such a journal, checking the altmetric score of a published paper relatively similar to yours in that journal can indicate the kind of engagement you can expect if you publish in this journal.

Understand the journal’s aims and scope—explicit and implicit: A journal may be more “niche” than its name indicates. Take, for example, Histopathology5 (which aims to be of practical value to surgical and diagnostic histopathologists) and the Journal of Pathology6 (which deals with the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of human disease). Besides checking the obvious—the “About” or “Editorial mission” sections—you should skim through the table of contents of some previous issues, and read a few editorials and published articles to get a better understanding of whether your article would be appealing to the journal. For example, Tobacco Control, which directly asks authors to “consider whether their intended submissions address issues or themes, which are likely to be of interest to researchers working in other nations,”7 is unlikely to be interested in a country-specific epidemiological survey on smoking prevalence. Further, not only manuscript format but also the submission process may differ by article type (especially for primary vs. secondary literature). For instance, NEJM8 typically does not publish unsolicited review articles, asking authors to submit a presubmission inquiry for such articles.

If the journal has a high impact factor, you should also critically compare your own research with its recent publications. Questions you can ask include “Is my sample sufficiently large and diverse?”, “Have I used the most sophisticated and rigorous methodology for data collection and analysis in the field?”, and “Are my findings going to interest the people who read this journal (across specialties and locations)?”

Moreover, the type of article you submit can affect how the journal positions and promotes it. For instance, Acupuncture in Medicine9 publishes a systematic review under Original Research but a narrative review under Education and Practice. Article type can also influence the level of access or position allotted to an article. For example, review articles in Orthopaedic Surgery10 can be accessed for free and are prominently displayed on the journal’s landing page.

Check for opportunities to improve your article’s visibility: Mere publication does not guarantee that your article will be read by relevant stakeholders. Look for journals that actively “push” their content to their readers, for example, by offering authors the option of sharing read-only versions of their articles. Social media is a valuable tool for journals to reach out to readers and engage them with content, as in the case of Cancer,11 which actively disseminates its top articles through Facebook and Twitter. In addition, publishers like Wiley have also begun partnering with science news portals like Scimex, in order to disseminate groundbreaking scientific research as widely as possible in the mainstream media.

Several forward-looking journals have begun offering authors assistance in promoting their research, through multimedia solutions. For instance, the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology12 not only assists authors in putting together an audiovisual abstract that can be uploaded on YouTube and Vimeo but also advises them on using these abstracts to increase their findings’ visibility and enhance their professional reputations. Medical Education uses both podcasts13 and vodcasts14 (video podcasting) to engage readers. Remember that even if the journal itself appears niche or regional in reach, its publisher could provide article promotion support, as Wiley15 does for all its journals through various channels.

Look for journals that actively try to meet your readers’ needs: Readers of medical journals, whether in the laboratory or clinic, have needs aside from just information. Journals often identify and cater to these needs in order to build a loyal and engaged readership. For instance, Transfusion16 allows HCPs to earn continuing medical education credits by reading certain articles and then passing a test on the content. Muscle & Nerve17 includes links on its homepage to connect readers with job opportunities in both healthcare and academia. HIV Medicine18 provides free guidelines on care for the diverse spectrum of patients whom HCPs in practice would encounter (e.g., pregnant women and adults with TB/HIV coinfection), as well as a fast-track process for manuscripts disseminating information critical for patient care. Obesity’s Patient Page19 provides information on the latest findings in the field in non-technical language, which HCPs can directly share with their patients.

Verify the journal’s reputation: While most experienced authors probably know enough to not get duped by predatory journals and are aware of various whitelists and blacklists available online, you can never be too careful. Besides confirming your choice of journal with your colleagues or seniors, you can look up the editorial board members listed on the journal website and check resources like ThinkCheckSubmit.org and Retraction Watch, to make sure that the journal’s reputation does not inadvertently tarnish your article. For instance, the mass retraction of 107 papers by Tumor Biology in April 201720 was a heavy blow to its reputation. While even highly respected journals like JAMA Internal Medicine have retracted21 articles, the reasons for retraction and the frequency of such cases have a bearing on their reputation. So you need to do a “background check” of the target journal before submission, as you do want your findings to gain the trust they deserve.

Reconfirm that you can meet the journal’s special requirements: Ultimately, it is no use submitting to an attractive journal if you cannot meet its basic requirements. For example, you need to make sure you have an ORCID ID before submitting a paper to Diabetic Medicine.22 The Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery23 will likely reject a paper on a non-invasive treatment strategy. Similarly, an article submitted to Tropical Medicine & International Health24 may not be considered if it relies solely on null hypothesis significance testing, presenting only P values.

Considering the recent ICMJE recommendations on data-sharing,25 it is advisable to revisit the submission guidelines of your target journals even if you have previously published articles in them. If you are submitting an article to, for example, JAMA or PLOS Medicine, on or after July 1, 2018, including an appropriate data-sharing statement will be essential for avoiding rejection. It also would not hurt to include such a statement before July 2018, and in fact might subtly give the impression of a high level of sophistication and dedication to following best practices in medical research.

In summary, choosing the right journal for a medical research submission goes beyond matching the journal’s aims and scope or looking for a high impact factor. Target the journal that gives you and your research the most benefits, making the most of facilities for pre-submission enquiries, fast-track submissions, etc.26 Ultimately, selecting an appropriate journal to disseminate industry-sponsored research is crucial not just for getting the manuscript accepted but also for the findings to reach the most relevant stakeholders and translate into actual impact.

References

1. Is The BMJ the right journal for my research article? http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-authors/forms-policies-and-checklists/bmj-right-journal-my-research-article

2. Cancer. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0142

3. Citrome, Leslie, 2015, “Moving forward with article level metrics: introducing altmetrics” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcp.12706/full

4. Annals of Neurology. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249

5. Histopathology. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2559

6. Journal of Pathology. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9896

7. Tobacco Control. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/pages/authors/

8. NEJM. http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/article-types

9. Acupuncture in Medicine. http://aim.bmj.com/pages/authors/

10. Orthopaedic Surgery. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1757-7861

11. Cancer Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/ACSJournals

12. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. http://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2125/journal-features/video-abstracts.html

13. Medical Education. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2923/homepage/podcasts.htm

14. Vodcast, Medical Education. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2923/homepage/welcome_video_from_the_editor_in_chief.htm

15. Wiley. Promoting your research. https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/Promotion/index.html

16. Transfusion. https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/trf.aspx

17. Muscle & Nerve, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4598

18. HIV Medicine. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1293/homepage/bhiva_guidelines.htm

19. Obesity. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1930-739X

20. Retraction Watch, 2017, “A new record: Major publisher retracting more than 100 studies from cancer journal over fake peer reviews” http://retractionwatch.com/2017/04/20/new-record-major-publisher-retracting-100-studies-cancer-journal-fake-peer-reviews/

21. Colla, Carrie, H.; Lewis, Valerie, A.; Kao, Lee-Sien; et al., 2017, “Notice of Retraction and Replacement: Colla et al. Association between Medicare accountable care organization implementation and spending among clinically vulnerable beneficiaries. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016;176(8):1167-1175” http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2653013

22. Diabetic Medicine. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291464-5491/homepage/ForAuthors.html#author1

23. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. https://link.springer.com/journal/11605

24. Tropical Medicine & International Health. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291365-3156/homepage/ForAuthors.html

25. Taichman, Darren, B.; Sahni, Peush; Pinborg, Anja; et al., 2017, “Data Sharing Statements for Clinical Trials: A Requirement of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors” http://www.icmje.org/news-and-editorials/data_sharing_june_2017.pdf

26. Wiley. 8 top tips to make sure your industry-sponsored research submission grabs a journal editor’s attention. https://corporatesolutions.wiley.com/8-top-tips-to-make-sure-your-industry-sponsored-research-submission-grabs-a-journal-editors-attention/

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